Applications Of Laser Cutting Nozzle

Laser cutting machine systems generally consist of components such as a laser generator, (external) beam transmission assembly, worktable (machine tool), microcomputer numerical control cabinet, cooling system, and computer (hardware and software).

 

The cutting head of a laser cutting machine mainly includes components such as a cavity, a focusing lens holder, a focusing lens, a capacitive sensor, and auxiliary gas nozzles. The cutting head drive device is used to drive the cutting head in the Z-axis direction according to the program, and it consists of a servo motor and transmission elements such as a lead screw or gears.

 

The position of the laser nozzle in a laser cutting machine is undoubtedly important, as its use has a significant impact on the laser beam. So, what are the functions of the laser cutting machine component, the nozzle?Analysis of the role of the laser cutting machine component, the nozzle:

 

The laser nozzle used for laser cutting has a simple structure, with a conical hole and a small circular hole at the end. It is typically designed using experimental and error methods. Since the nozzle is usually made of copper, it is small in size and is a vulnerable part that needs frequent replacement.

When cutting steel with a laser, oxygen and the focused laser beam are directed through the nozzle onto the material being cut, forming a jet of gas. The basic requirements for the gas flow are that the flow rate into the kerf should be large and the velocity high, in order to provide sufficient oxidation for the material in the kerf to undergo a exothermic reaction, while also having enough momentum to blow out the molten material.

 

Therefore, in addition to the quality of the beam and its control directly affecting the cutting quality, the design of the nozzle and control of the gas flow (such as nozzle pressure, positioning of the workpiece in the gas flow, etc.) are also crucial factors.

 

The size of the nozzle orifice in the metal laser cutting machine directly affects the pressure distribution at the nozzle outlet. Research results show that a nozzle with a 1.5mm diameter has high efficiency.

The size of the nozzle affects the quality, mainly referring to the size of the thermal affected zone and the width of the cut. As the nozzle diameter increases, the thermal affected zone becomes narrower, primarily due to the jet flow affecting the cooling rate of the base material in the cutting zone. A larger nozzle will cause the cut to be too wide, while a nozzle that is too small will cause difficulty in focusing the beam.

 

The distance between the high-speed laser nozzle and the workpiece in a fiber laser cutting machine will also affect the coupling between the nozzle gas flow and the workpiece cut, which is an aerodynamics problem.

 

The form of the expelled gas flow and the distance between the nozzle and the workpiece are important variables. If the nozzle is too close to the workpiece, it will generate strong backpressure, which will have a scattering effect on the cutting material, while being too far away will cause unnecessary losses.

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